Cask Of Amontillado Essays (826 words) - The Cask Of Amontillado

Cask Of Amontillado English 102, Section 80 01 March 2000 Essay #1 In The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe, the dark side of human nature is exemplified through the character of Montresor and his victim, Fortunato. Montresor is a manipulative and vengeful person. These characteristics lead to the death of Fortunato, a man who has wronged him. Through the acts, words, and the thoughts of the character, one is able to see him carry out his plan for revenge. The story takes place in Italy at a carnival where Montresor and Fortunato happen upon each other by chance, or so it is made to seem. The setting is lively and jubilant at the carnival. It then moves to the catacombs of Montresors home. It is a place of doom where skeletons lie against damp walls covered in nitre. Montresor dons a mask of black silk and a heavy knee length cloak (76-77). Montresors clothes seem to indicate his wanting to conceal himself so he can carry out his devious plan. On the other side of the spectrum, Fortunato wears a tight fitting parti-striped dress, and his head was surmounted by the conical cap and bells (76). His clothing seems to indicate his trusting but foolish nature. The clothing of both characters seems to set the mood for what types of characters they were. However, Montresors true character is indicated through his words. From the start of the story his vengeful nature sets the tone for the acts that will follow. One of the first things that Montresor narrates to the reader about Fortunato is that he must not only punish but punish with impunity (75). Montresor is also manipulative, as he tells Fortunato that he will have someone else taste the Amontillado, knowing that by doing this Fortunato will feel compelled to taste the wine himself. As you are engaged, I am on my way to Luchresi. If anyone has a critical turn I is he. He will tell me (76). In addition to being manipulative and vengeful he also displays condescending traits. Montresor addresses Fortunato in the catacombs saying, your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy as once I was. You are a man to be missed (77). Montresors actions also lend to his vengeful and manipulative nature. He lures Fortunato into the catacombs of his home to carry out his plans. First he caters to Fortunatos ego by saying that someone else was as good a judge of wine as he (76). Then Montresor tricks Fortunato into believing that there lies an expensive bottle of wine in the depths of his catacombs. When they finally reach their destination, Montresor shackles him to the wall, constructs a tomb around him using bricks, and leaves him there to die. It is indicated in the past that Fortunato has hurt Montresor many times, The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge (75). However, insults or unkind acts were actually mentioned in the story. It was exactly the opposite; Fortunato was friendly and helpful towards Montresor. From the very beginning of the story, one can obviously see that Montresor thinks that he has been wronged by Fortunato. His plan for vengeance is easily seen through his actions and his thoughts. He had a weak point-this Fortunato-although in other regards he was a man to be respected and even feared (76). This line shows that Montresors plan was well thought out. There is no indication of what Fortunato thinks about Montresor. It can only be assumed that he trusts him because he follows him into the catacombs, and up until the last moments before the last brick is put into place, he still holds onto the idea that Montresor is playing a joke on him. Ha! Ha! Ha! he! He! He! a very good joke, indeed-an excellent jest (80). Montresor is successful in his plan for vengeance. He succeeds in having Fortunato follow him into the catacombs and in no time at all he had him up against the wall. Throwing the chain around him was easily accomplished in seconds (79). Then tier by tier, Montresor constructed Fortunatos tomb of bricks

Critical Review of the use of Sampling as a Research Method

Critical Review of the use of Sampling as a Research Method An overview of sampling methods In the study of a particular phenomena present in the population it may not be possible to examine each member of the population. This is because populations under research are often too large. In this context, researchers use samples to draw conclusions on phenomena under study for large populations. Sampling is thus a critical research method. There are probability-sampling methods such as random sampling and stratified sampling (Linda 2008).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Critical Review of the Use of Sampling as a Research Method specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other probability-sampling method is systematic sampling. The other category of sampling methods is non-probability sampling. Non-probability sampling includes convenience sampling and quota sampling. Other methods of non-probability sampling include snowball sampling and judgement sampling. The basic differ ence between probability and non-probability sampling methods is that in the former the sample set is constructed in a random manner. Different sampling methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The basic characteristic of the sample is that it ought to be representative of the population from which it is drawn. This means that the sample ought to have a distribution of traits as those of the population. This is critical in ensuring that the sample results can be generalized to the wider population. This offers validity and reliability to the results of the research. Reliability of results Probability sampling methods implies that the sample is drawn from the population in a random manner (Linda 2008). This means that each member of the population has a certain chance of being picked into the sample set unlike in the non-probability sampling. This is one of the chief advantages of the probability sampling as the research is generalizable to the wider population. This is b ecause the sample is representative of the general population traits. In this context, the research results achieved from this type of sampling can be generalized to the whole population. While probability sampling offers some degree of objectivity in the construction of sample set, certain contexts necessitate non-probability sampling methods. Such contexts include instances where the researcher has limited time and financial resources to conduct probability sampling. In instances where non-probability sampling method is used there is a limitation to the generalization of the results to the wider population (Black 1999).This is because the sample may be picked from a certain section of the population accessible to the researcher. In this context, the sample may not be truly representative of the whole population and as such, the results of the population may not be generalized to the whole population (Jacobs 2011).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business econom ics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accuracy of the research findings The question of accuracy of research findings may be closely related to that of the reliability of the results. However, there might be a slight difference depending on how a researcher looks at the two concepts. Reliability of the results means that the results generally do give the trend or the traits of the studied phenomena. On the other hand, accuracy of the research findings do try to give a measure or degree of how the findings apply to the studied phenomena. In the context of accuracy of the research findings, the probability research findings do give a quantitative measure on the accuracy of the findings. This is achieved through the calculation of the sampling error. Sampling error is the degree of variation of the sample traits from those of the population. Thus in reporting the research findings, the results are given with a qualitative margin of error. Such qualitative margin of error may be useful to some researches depending on the phenomena under study. On the other hand, the non-probability research methods are more subjective in nature and lacks the randomness associated with probability sampling (Black 1999).In non-probability, sampling the sample error is not calculated. In this sense, it is difficult to establish the degree to which the sample traits differ from those of the population. This may not necessarily mean that the accuracy of the research finding is in doubt. In some instances, the researcher may not be interested in putting a quantitative measure on the accuracy of the findings of the research. On the contrast, he may be interested in understanding the nature of the phenomena under study. This is especially so in research on social aspects. A researcher’s dilemma; which sampling method to use? Several aspects influence a researcher’s choice of sampling method. Availability of resources such as time and finances is one aspect that greatly influences the choice of sampling methods. Probability sampling methods are relatively expensive in obtaining an optimal sample size from the population (Jacobs 2011). This gives the researcher to use non-probability sampling techniques in which he may draw sample members that are convenient and easily accessible to him. The nature of the phenomena under study also influences the choice of the sampling methods. Scientific studies are generally quantitative in nature and thus may require probability-sampling methods. This is in contrast to the social studies. References Black T 1999, Sampling techniques: Advantages and disadvantages. Web.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Critical Review of the Use of Sampling as a Research Method specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jacobs R 2011, Educational Research: Sampling a population. Web. Linda W 2008, Sampling method s. Available from: westfallteam.com/Papers/Sampling%20Methods.pdf.

Rodney Kings verdict and riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rodney Kings verdict and riots - Essay Example Rodney’s situation resulted in a look into police cover-ups and brutality. The witness of the riot by the world was a clear protest of racial equality and resulted in the current situation of advancement in racial equality in many parts of the world. The situation and verdict opened the understanding of everyone as being important and of value rather than wasteful and require respect and justice (Rucker & Upton, 2007). This resulted in reduced issues of excessive force being used in the American policing which was real in the past. In the year 2008 documentary, it was evident that black parents had with their sons have been how to react when stopped by police. This type of conversation has become a national conversation that still exists in the United States. The key change in police system that has transpired includes police hires and community relationships with regard to police department concerning riots. Rodney King’s verdict and riot elevated discussions on juries ’ racial composition and trial locations. Despite not being the first time in considering such a discussion, the case resulted as a benchmark for best practices teaching for both jury selection and a police department. The aspect of racism also goes beyond just black and white conversation to multi-cultural communities, nationalities and economic challenges and tension. This aspect still remains a hindrance in the attainment of civil rights in many areas of administration and social setting within the American community currently.

Money and life, Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money and life, Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Logos on the other hand is the use of reason, logic or sound argument in justifying an author’s claims. With logos, the author instead convinces the audience by the soundness of his or her argument rather than appealing to the audience’s emotion. Ethos on the other hand uses ethical appeal to win over the audience to the author’s point of view. In the film, the argument is grounded mainly on the moral, ethical ascendancy of a resource person or the expertise of the person making an argument to convince the audience to believe the argument of an author. Katie Teague used a combination of these rhetorical tools in presenting her case and argument in her film Money and Life. The author used the rhetorical tool of logos heavily or the use of reason and logic in presenting her case in the film. This was evident when she argued the financial and monetary system that made â€Å"money as a mean of exchange† and theories of scarcity in the movie. In a way, she also discussed government’s monetary and fiscal policy that made money so important. The approach of the paper is also methodical and logical just like a university paper where there is a framework in laying out the arguments beginning with a statement of a problem, analysis and then a proposal of a solution. The statement of the problem was our entrapment with money and the background is Teague discussion of the monetary system that made money so important to us. First, Katie Teague laid down the general description of the â€Å"curses and evils† caused by money in the film as her statement of the problem and the byproduct of the monetary system of the country which we are all slav es. After stating the problem, the obvious comes next with the analysis of the problem of which the solution can be derived. Here, the approach of the analysis is not much dependent on logos or logic as it should be but rather on pathos or emotional appeal and ethos or credibility of the source. This

ETHICS SELF-ASSESSMENT PAPER AND EVALUATION Essay - 1

ETHICS SELF-ASSESSMENT PAPER AND EVALUATION - Essay Example Q4. Making ethical decision is tricky because knowing the rights step to follow to handle the matter is a challenge. I had a problem because I did not know the best way and process to follow in order to deal with the problem. Q.23. answering this question for me is tricky because, the sexual relationship is between former client and the counselor knows some private things about the client. On the same note, it is now a former client so difficult to know how to handle. The first issue is dealing with client who has different belief system as me. For example if I have a client who is atheist and does not belief in any religion that can be problem to me. But, in order to be professional, I will stick to the ethics and responsibility of the work and that will help me to remove any emotions and beliefs that I have when dealing with the client. Another issue is that I am emotional and can feel sorry for client and share in their emotions. For example, I may be overwhelmed and feel like crying with the client. I will try to avoid this by observing the codes. On the same note, I will look for help from other colleagues to help me in tough times and tough decisions. The third issue is when dealing with clients who do not have money to pay for the services. I know professional have to be paid to survive but sometimes the client does not have enough money so it is difficult to deal with such problem. However, I will try to loom for advice form supervisor and other colleagues so that I can deal with the problem in the best

Does Technology Hold the Key to Improved Life Expectancy?

Does Technology Hold the Key to Improved Life Expectancy? Andrew McMahon Stone   Introduction. Life expectancy is the average period a person may expect to live1. Almost universally, females live longest, as do MEDC dwellers. Globally, life expectancy has increased by 40% in the last 50 years (1960s: 50 years – present: 70 years). However, this is just an average so there will be extremes, for example, the oldest recorded person alive now is almost 116 years6 and there are babies that die within days of birth. Technology means developing, applying or studying tools and methods, thus, in context: the machinery used in hospitals; access to knowledge for educational health; and the development and use of medicines. In my family, life expectancy has stayed constant as my great grandparents lived into their eighties, two of my grandparents are still alive (aged 80), although one died at 48 years*. However I think that my brother, my cousins and I will survive for longer, given that my ancestors died from rare, non-genetic causes like cancer and brain haemorrhage. *My great grandfather was in the Great War and was shell shocked and spent the rest of his life in a mental hospital. Causes I believe that the main cause of improved life expectancy is the rate of the country’s technological growth but there are other factors, some natural, some human (Table 1) Table 1: factors affecting life expectancy There exists a correlation between population size and area and life expectancy, especially if we look at ‘extremes’, for example Monaco is the smallest country in the world, by area and almost population, and it has the highest life expectancy rate of 85 years for males and 93 years for females2. Similarly, China has the biggest population and has one of the biggest areas in the world yet it is in the top 100 for life expectancy and is rising with its population2. This might suggest that it is easier to provide access to smaller and larger concentrations of people, but then in the UK, we know that many rural dwellers often have to travel in excess of 40 miles to reach a hospital. This could prove fatal in terms of an emergency if people can’t be reached in time, thus this is where telecommunications technology and internet accessible health education (what to do if a person has a heart attack or stroke) are vital. I am very fortunate to live in an urban area and I have two hospitals within 15minutes drive of my home. Lifestyle choices affect the life expectancy of a person because someone might choose to eat healthily and exercise regularly and so, in theory, have a higher life expectancy than someone who chooses not to. This is a social factor, controlled by personal decisions, but it is mostly an MEDC issue. In LEDCs people often have little/no choice about their lifestyle as they may be limited by food/water supplies. Access to educational information via internet technology may help people make informed choices and improve life expectancies but if disregarded, then access to technology is of no benefit. Hereditary conditions like cystic fibrosis (the UK’s most common life threatening inherited disease7) can affect the life expectancy of a person as the average life expectancy for a person with CF is 37 years. There are70,000 sufferers worldwide)8 . Hereditary conditions affect people in both MEDCs and LEDCs although technologies in MEDCs are helping treat people with CF, so their life expectancy is slowly improving. The cost of such technologies is often prohibitive in LEDCs. Personal income is also a key determining economic factor. Those with more disposable income will have more opportunity to access health technology and more easily afford healthier food choices, which should result in improved life expectancy. However, it can result in poor lifestyle choices like over-eating or binge drinking so can have the opposite effect. This is unfortunately common in MEDCs, particularly the UK and USA, exacerbated by ‘supersize me’ in food outlets and BOGOF offers in supermarkets. War and conflict can be a big contributing factor to lowering life expectancy, with technology contributing in a negative way. Weapons have been developed that can kill more people more easily. Armed forces are mostly composed of men, which help explain why in some countries, they have a lower life expectancy than females. In Cambodia the life expectancy rate went down for men from 43 years in 1966 to 31 years in 1977 and for women from 46 years in 1966 to 34 years in 197714. This was because of a mass genocide by the Khmer Rouge regime15 that killed between one and two million people. In Telford, where I live, the life expectancy for males is 77.4 years which is 1.5 years less than the England average of 78.9 years. And the Telford life expectancy for females is 82 years which is 0.9 years less than the England average of 82.9 years. 9 Technology its impacts on life expectancy The true effects of technology on life expectancy depends on how you define technology; If you define technology as the access to information via the internet I would have thought that the world’s life expectancy would have reacted positively to the exponential growth of internet users in the last 20 years in figure 2. Figure 1 does show that the world’s life expectancy has increased in gradient but only very slightly steeper to the rate of growth before the early 90s. Figure 110: changes in life expectancy global Figure 2: internet users – globally (in red)11 This implies either that there are still countries that dont have a lot of internet users or that the amount of internet users does not directly affect the world’s life expectancy. I believe there is a link. To prove this, 96% of Iceland’s population13 are internet users and the average life expectancy is 81.28 years13, which puts it 6th in the world. Conversely, 0.8% of Eritrea’s population are internet users, the lowest in the world, and its average life expectancy is 61.42 years which is nearly 10 years below the worlds average. Nationally, in the UK, 87% of us are internet users and our average life expectancy is 80.05 years3, although I appreciate that the link between the two isn’t ‘exclusive’. At a personal level I have looked up symptoms to determine what illness I have and also researched how to improve my fitness which I believe will affect my life expectancy. Mobile phone technology enables people to access information about healthy lifestyles. I have a smart phone which can help me access information on any issue I might have with my health so that I can try to combat it. Nationally (UK), there is 97% coverage of the country, which enables almost everyone with an internet enabled phone or broadband connection to access. OAPs are encouraged to gain internet skills via free classes available at local libraries. Another factor contributing to improved life expectancy could be the amount of investment into research and development. Israel put the biggest percentage of their GDP into research and development, 4.2%, and their average life expectancy is 80.96 years which makes them 17th in the world. However Ethiopia only put 0.1 billion dollars into research and development which is only 0.17% of their GDP and I believe that this is a reason why their average life expectancy is 55.41 years, 14 years below the world’s average. In my country, the UK, 1.7% of the GDP is spent on research and development which is equivalent to 38.4 billion dollars5. With that money, university graduates have invented and designed technology to improve life expectancy like the portable defibrillator and the discovery of the hepatitis B vaccine 16. Non-profit organizations have also achieved similar eg a syringe that breaks after the first use to stop the spread of diseases like HIV. At a personal level my lif e expectancy has been enhanced by vaccines and medicines eg Hepatitis B immunisation as a child and the annual influenza vaccine. Continually evolving technology is bringing new developments into existence like 3D printers that can bio-print specific organs to replace failing ones although only a bladder has been printed so far. Personally all of my family have had scans sometime in their lives to diagnose specific illnesses or injuries that, if they and not been diagnosed, might have caused a lower life expectancy, eg bowel cancer screening and breast cancer screening. Technology cannot work without trained professionals! Technology can only hold the key to improved life expectancy if it is properly managed. Trained professionals are needed to operate scanners in hospitals and governments in LEDCs might not be able to afford them or to provide the training to get them and so technology would be irrelevant and ineffectual. Technology is also ineffective in places where infrastructure is either poor or non-existent e.g. electricity and internet access. Scenarios One of the biggest factors that affect life expectancy in LEDCs is maternal and infant health. Maternal and infant mortality rates are higher in LEDCs, further contributing to lower average life expectancies. If we can ensure safer births, we can improve life expectancy and the need to have so many children. This is where technology could come into play to assist midwives in challenging situations. Even without access to electricity and internet, updated written literature and health/hygiene guidance could be provided to help the situation. You could argue that this isn’t technology, but actually you need technology to design, print and distribute the books. And with the relatively new invention of the 3D printer, organizations could make models for midwifery that teach them in a practical way. If everyone in the world had access to technology I do think that globally life expectancy would increase significantly simply because of the sheer wealth of information available on the internet and people being able to gain health education. But the likelihood of everyone having access to technology in the future is low. For some, eg indigenous tribes and small groups isolated from modern civilization, there is a desire to remain untouched by external influences. Charities and wealthier governments could continue to send appropriate technology to LEDCs. I also believe that technology will develop further in the future and will eventually be able to help eradicate diseases and cancers. Conclusion I think that technology is key to improved life expectancy and I think in the future it will become the biggest influential factor. This is because other factors, I believe, will be controlled by technology. People will be able to make informed decisions regarding lifestyle choices and risks of poor lifestyle choices. If this doesnt stop them from choosing that lifestyle then the technology is there to help them with the ‘side effects’ or ‘symptoms’. Hereditary conditions will be easier to treat and cure, I think, enabling improved life expectancy. Quality of life, I also believe, will be enhanced by technology eg better quality housing. Technology is also getting cheaper by the year so should be more affordable. In the future access to clean water wont matter either because if there is an unclean water supply then filters can be fitted. Technology is (and will even more in the future) helping to reduce fatalities from happening when natural disasters occur by, simulating, in the process of building buildings that are less likely to fall, and aiding response times for emergency services to be faster. Bibliography. 1 https://www.google.co.uk/#q=define+life+expectancy – Definition of life expectancy. 2,3,5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancybHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancyy_life_expectancy World rankings for life expectancy in different years. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Esperanza_de_vida.PNG – World map of life expectancies (2008). http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_tec_ach-economy-technological-achievement Technology achievement index by country. 5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countrHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spendingiHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spendinges_by_research_and_development_spending 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_living_supercentenarians 7 http://www.globaladventurechallenges.com/choose-charity/cystic-fibrosis-trust/ 8 http://www.cff.org/aboutcf/ 9http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAwebPageHPAwebAutoListDate/Page/1278943975984 10 https://www.google.co.uk/#q=world+life+expectancy 11 http://www.theawl.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Screen-shot-2010-08-17-at-2.11.10-PM.png 12 http://wHYPERLINK http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/421390/Watch-that-tells-your-time-to-diewHYPERLINK http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/421390/Watch-that-tells-your-time-to-diew.express.co.uk/news/uk/421390/Watch-that-tells-your-time-to-die 13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_numbHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_userseHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_usersr_of_Internet_users Internet users. 14http://www.google.co.uk/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_met_y=sp_dyn_le00_inhl=endl=enidim=country:KHM:LAO:MMR#!ctype=lstrail=falsebcs=dnselm=hmet_y=sp_dyn_le00_inscale_y=linind_y=falserdim=regionidim=country:KHM:LAO:MMRifdim=regiontstart=-94435200000tend=473644800000hl=en_USdl=enind=false 15http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/02/20122314155454169.html 16http://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/jul/05/highereducation.uk2 Discoveries by UK universities.

Essay --

Schaefer, Ashleigh Ling 325 Professor Mathis Part 1: Annotated Bibliography: Gender Stereotypes in Subject Matter 1. Cvencek, D. , Meltzoff, A. , & Greenwald, A. (2011). Math–gender stereotypes in elementary school children. Child Development, 82(3), 766-779. Gà ¶mleksiz, M. (2012). This article focuses on the connection between one’s perception of their own gender and how it affects their belief of cultural stereotypes placed on their gender. Cveneck, Meltzoof, and Greenwald examined various children, 126 girls and 121 boys, between the ages of 6-10 in elementary school by giving the children Implicit Association tests and along with having them provide self-reports to see if their perception of gender affected their ideas of certain subject matters in the school. The self-reports asked the children questions regarding gender identity, gender stereotypes, and their self-concept. This article focuses on examining the cultural stereotypes about math. Their research focuses on the stereotype that â€Å"math is for boys†. Cvencek, Meltzoff, and Greenwald argue that this is because their self-concept is a â€Å"I am a female† along with the cultural stereotype that â€Å"math is for boys† tends to lead females to the belief that â€Å" I am a girl therefore I’m not good at math†. Cveneck, Meltzoof, and Greenwald had the children take a quiz on the computer. For each question the children were provided with a statement then asked to choose whether or not the male or female character possessed the aforementioned attributes. Once the children chose which character/gender possessed the attribute they were then asked whether or not their selected character possessed this characteristic â€Å"a little† or â€Å"a lot†. The second part of the study involved childre... ...eresting about their research was that it showed even at a young age girls tend to believe â€Å"math is for boys†. This suggests that the language used in regards to subject matter and gender is ingrained in young minds from a young age. Since math is a learned skill males and females should both have the ability to excel in the subject mater. However, cultural stereotypes regarding math as a primarily male domain run deep and hold females back. It was interesting to see the statements both genders related to in the studies. These articles suggest that gender stereotyping with subject matter is nurture based. If females didn’t hear from a young age that â€Å"math is for boys† then perhaps they could enter the subject matter in a confident manner. Overall, these articles follow the generalizations seen throughout the semester about the differences between females and males.

Minorities Leaders

How Do Various Minorities Leaders Differ In Their Leadership Approaches? To me, there are no differences between the leadership approaches of minorities and majorities leaders. The minorities’ leaders also have their own leadership style depending on their traits and circumstances like all other leaders in the world. Leaders perform their roles in a wide multiplicity of styles, such as autocratic, democratic, participatory, laissez-faire (hands off), etc. Frequently the leadership style depends on the state of affairs, together with the life cycle of the association. There are circumstances where the Laissez-Faire leadership style can be successful. The Laissez-Faire technique is generally only suitable when leading a team of greatly aggravated and accomplished people, who have created outstanding performance in the past. Once leader either from minorities or majorities has recognized that one’s team is convinced, competent and provoked, it is frequently most excellent to step back and let them get on with the assignment, since interference can cause bitterness and detract from their success. (Dessler, 2001) By handing over possession, a leader can authorize one’s group to attain their objectives. The autocratic leader controls team-members, using unilateralism to attain a singular goal. This approach to leadership in general results in submissive confrontation from team members and requires persistent force and route from the leader in order to get assignments finished. Commonly, an authoritarian leadership style is not a superior way to get the paramount performance from a group of people. (Bridges, 2000) There are, though, a few illustrations where an autocratic style of leadership may not be unsuitable. Some circumstances may call for imperative action, and in these situations an autocratic style of leadership may be finest. Additionally, most people are proverbial with autocratic leadership and consequently have fewer troubles accepting this style. The democratic leader either from minorities or majorities finalizes decisions by discussing with the team, despite the fact that still sustaining authority on the group. The democratic leader permits his team to make a decision how the assignment will be handled and who will carry out which assignment. In conclusion, there are no differences between the leadership approaches of minorities and majorities leaders, References Bridges, William, and Susan Mitchell Bridges, (Spring 2000), â€Å"Leading Transition: A New Model for Change† Leader to Leader. 16: 30-36. Dessler, Gary. (2001), Management, Leading People and Organizations in the 21st Century, (2nd ed.), New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.      

Nabisco Brands History and Timeline

Nabisco Brands History and Timeline In 1898, the New York Biscuit Company and the American Biscuit and Manufacturing Company merged over 100 bakeries into the National Biscuit Company, later called Nabisco. Founders Adolphus Green and William Moore, orchestrated the merger and the company quickly rose to first place in the manufacturing and marketing of cookies and crackers in America. In 1906, the company moved its headquarters from Chicago to New York. Favorites like Oreo Cookies, Barnum’s Animal Crackers, Honey Maid Grahams, Ritz crackers, and Wheat Thins became staples in American snack foods. Later, Nabisco added Planters Peanuts, Fleishmann’s margarines and spreads, A1 Steak Sauce, and Grey Poupon mustards to its offerings. Timeline 1792 Pearson Sons Bakery opens in Massachusetts. They make a biscuit called pilot bread that is consumed on long sea voyages.1801 Josiah Bent Bakery first coined the term crackers for a crunchy biscuit they produce.1889 William Moore acquires Pearson Sons Bakery, Josiah Bent Bakery, and six other bakeries to start the New York Biscuit Company.1890 Adolphus Green starts the American Biscuit Manufacturing Company after acquiring forty different bakeries.1898 William Moore and Adolphus Green merge to form the National Biscuit Company. Adolphus Green is president.1901 The name Nabisco is first used as part of a name for a sugar wafer.1971 Nabisco becomes the corporate name.1981 Nabisco merges with Standard Brands.1985 Nabisco Brands merges with R.J. Reynolds.1993 Kraft General Foods acquires NABISCO ready-to-eat cold cereals from RJR Nabisco.2000 Philip Morris Companies, Inc. acquires Nabisco and merges it with Kraft Foods, Inc.

Brownfields Essays

Brownfields Essays Brownfields Essay Brownfields Essay Brownfields are abandoned, idled or under-used and industrial commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by environmental contamination. These areas are scattered all through out the nation and are more numerous in areas that are industrial centers. The redevelopment of brownfields are supported by all agencies of the government, the Department of Transportation made a policy that would enable the availability of funds for the redevelopment of brownfields, the DOT believed that brownfield redevelopment with transportation programs can bring new jobs, services and amenities to a neighborhood, reduce vehicle miles of travel, reduce time spent in congestion and increase the viability of transit, walking and biking. Brownfields and transportation are connected in ways that create opportunities to accomplish transportation, economic, community and environmental goals. Transportation facilities play a major role in commerce and industry, in the past industrial plants were always located near transportation facilities. However, transportation and economic changes have shifted number industrial operations away from centers of transportation. As the case maybe, transportation is key to brownfield redevelopment, as it gives access to people and goods, this would include fixing existing highways, waterways and public transportation and the other transportation related use of the land like intermodal terminals and bus barns. The local government together with the community are interested in the redevelopment of brownfields as an existing brownfield would lower property values, stifles local investment and be an environmental threat, in the same way the local government see redevelopment as bringing in jobs, increase in taxes and make use of taxpayer’s investment in infrastructure. Thus, the federal, state and local government coordinates to achieve these goals through the Transportation Improvement Program. To the communities, re-using brownfields through transportation investments would later on bring transportation benefits. The redevelopment of brownfields would also improve the environment by lessening or eradicating contamination in these sites. As well as reviving measures to control the quality of water and air and the conservation of open spaces. The protection of open spaces reduces conversion of land to impervious surfaces which is very critical in the maintenance of watershed health. The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) has a projected budget of $198 billion for transportation spending for 1998 to 2003. The act supports brownfield redevelopment through a number of funding programs. For new highways, roads or bridge construction on brownfields, there’s the National Highway System, Surface Transportation Program, Bridges, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program and the Transportation Enhancements. For the construction of new transit lines or station, there’s the Transit Capital Investment Grants and Loans, the Urbanized and Non-urbanized Area Formula Grant Program. The improvement of railroads in brownfields can be funded through the Rail Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing Program. In improving pedestrian and/or bicycle access can be channeled through the National Highway System and the Transportation Enhancements. For recreational trails a funding from Recreational Trails is available and innovative sust ainability projects can be pursued through grants from the Transportation and Community and System Preservation Pilot Program. In order to receive TEA-21 funds to redevelop a brownfield site, a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) state must have a transportation clause in the project and should be included in the Long-Range Transportation Plan and its Transportation Improvement Program. In general almost all funds allocated under the TEA-21 are disbursed through the standard planning and TIP process. The MPO has the obligation to coordinate with air quality planning and encourage public involvement as required by federal law. The Long-Range Transportation plans are created to project a 20 year transportation development program. The project however needs to satisfy the following criteria to be included in the LRT, the project must help advance state or regional transportation objectives, it should be able to provide information about the financial resources of the project and the impact on air quality of the project should not violate National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Evaluating a brownfield redev elopment project proposal requires reviewing financial, environmental, social and legal considerations of the project. Another means of acquiring federal funding is for the organization or state to apply directly to the DOT for grants and loans provided under the TEA-21, wherein Transportation and Community and System Preservation Pilot grants and the Rail Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing loans are the most relevant to brownfield projects. The TCSP grants were given to innovative transportation projects which must meet the goals of TCSP which includes reducing the impacts of transportation on the environment, reducing the need for costly future public infrastructure investments, to ensure efficient access to jobs, services and centers of trade and lastly examining private sector development patterns and investments that support TCSP goals. In the TCSP program, public entities are eligible to get finds form the federal government without a state or regional MPO intermediary. Municipal governments, MPO’s, states agencies, school boards, air and park districts and public transit agencies are eligible to apply for the TCSP loan. The Rail Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing Program give out loans and loan guarantees for acquiring, improving, developing or rehabilitating intermodal or rail equipment facilities, this is available to local governments, and government sponsored authorities, corporations, railroads and joint ventures with at least one railroad. In conclusion it was reported that transportations funds can be used to clean up environmental contamination on brownfields if it is a part of the transportation project. It can also be sued to stimulate private sector revitalization of brownfields, as well as provide an opportunity for the collaboration of stakeholders and meeting public goals. Funding is available for such projects but the application process takes a lengthy route and that limited funding is available directly form federal government. There have been a number of projects that involved redeveloping brownfields which ranged from the construction of roads, a new bridge, a parkway and an intermodal terminal. In Portland, Oregon a new road was built to improve access to deepwater port and cleaned up a 2,800-acre Rivergate Industrial District, it also increased the value of land in the industrial area and initiated the expansion of manufacturing and shipping operations. Portland encapsulated the contaminated soils at a former pesticide-formulating plant with new road surface. In Lawrence, Massachusetts a new bridge was constructed to improve transportation access and infrastructure, it supported economic development, it improved pedestrian traffic as well as remediation of environmental contamination.   The project not only will clean a downtown brownfield but also create a new park and pedestrian walkway. A parkway in Buffalo, New York linked the industrial areas of Buffalo and the regional road network which then im proved transportation and develop under-used areas which are also brownfields. The construction of the parkway also satisfied American Axle’s needs for access and re-engineering obsolete infrastructure. Since the project was privately funded it had significant support form federal and state governments. An intermodal terminal in Salt Lake City, Utah was funded by congress with a $40 million budget as part of the brownfield redevelopment. When the Interstate 15 was redesigned it opened an opportunity to develop an old rail yard to an intermodal hub. The city will also be participating in the Utah Voluntary Cleanup Program to serves as a protection form environmental contamination. These examples reiterate that developing brownfields are beneficial to the community although it entails a complex weaving of government and community efforts as well as the liability to ascertain that contamination can be eradicated or managed.

Conversation Among Four Friends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conversation Among Four Friends - Essay Example Sally: You can’t tell when it's morning or evening, the streets are often busy. Mike: Lucky you, you have time to notice that. Some people elsewhere are so occupied they don’t even notice. Francis: I have to admit. Had we not been in this rented cab, we would not have noticed either. Tania: You don’t want to insinuate that the cab makes us any better placed. Francis: I didn’t mean that. What I meant was... Tania: I know! I know! What you meant was, you always speak your mind. Mike: Easy Tania. That was too harsh. You need not be angry. I thought we were over this. Weren’t we Sally? Sally: Sure, we were. It makes me sad to see Tania and Francis fight again. (The cab rounds the first bend and they are all swayed to the left side of the cab. Francis is in a melancholic mood. He is nervous. The others seem to have realized this and so they alert him.) Mike: Look out Francis! Be easy on the gas lever. (Francis apologizes immediately) Francis: Sorry Pals won’t happen again. Sally: You are angry Francis. Francis: I have reason to be. You are all aware that Tania lately accused me of Stalking Janet, a thought she wasn’t able to prove whatsoever. She insisted and so we had to engage Janet, a move I totally opposed. I was embarrassed at Janet’s site. Tania was not sorry. Now she interrupts me, she doesn’t give me time to speak. She lashes back at me as soon as I utter one word. Tania: Tell us then what you meant, Mr. Right. You know everything! (She suddenly turns pale)

FBI case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FBI case study - Essay Example FBI only hires the crà ¨me of people who are perfectly capable in all aspects for the job. But for some people, this process might be too rigorous and tough to worth trying for. Another disadvantage is that it does not test the social behaviour of a candidate. For a job that appeals rewarding to me, I will try my utmost to get it irrespective of how long and rigorous the screening process is. FBI agent is a job that some people are highly passionate about. No doubt the long and screening process turn some people off, but if someone is passionate about the job, I believe for that person it will be a positive challenge to pass through all the hurdles and become an FBI special agent. I am a person whose need for achievement is very high. Therefore, passing the process and getting into FBI will help me attain that sense of achievement. FBI can do various things to make people accept the job offers. First of all they should increase salaries, give fringe benefits; give security to the FBI agents’ families. Apart from that, FBI should do good employer branding to attract excellent candidates. When an organization promotes itself for getting employees, and communicates how noble the work is, people naturally get attracted towards the job